9 mins read ·
10 questions
Define dose ratio and state the Schild equation (r – 1 = [B]/KB).
9 mins read ·
11 questions
Construct a Schild plot, determine pA₂ and interpret a slope of unity as evidence of simple competitive antagonism.
9 mins read ·
13 questions
Calculate dose ratio, KB or pA₂ from experimental data.
10 mins read ·
14 questions
Describe saturation radioligand binding: total, non-specific and specific binding; derive Kd and Bmax; explain how non-specific binding is measured and why it is subtracted.
8 mins read ·
11 questions
Describe competition binding experiments (IC₅₀) and the conversion of IC₅₀ to Ki (Cheng–Prusoff relationship).
13 mins read ·
15 questions
Define and distinguish desensitisation, tachyphylaxis and tolerance.
12 mins read ·
14 questions
Describe the mechanisms of desensitisation: receptor uncoupling (phosphorylation by GRKs, PKA, PKC; β-arrestin binding), sequestration/internalisation, down-regulation and degradation, mediator depletion, increased drug metabolism and physiological adaptation.
10 mins read ·
8 questions
Distinguish homologous from heterologous desensitisation, with examples.
12 mins read ·
10 questions
Explain receptor up-regulation and supersensitivity (e.g. rebound after abrupt β-blocker withdrawal) and their clinical implications.
12 mins read ·
15 questions
Describe the mechanisms by which drugs cross membranes: passive diffusion, aqueous pores, carrier-mediated transport (SLC and ABC transporters, including P-glycoprotein) and endocytosis.
12 mins read ·
11 questions
Apply the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation to predict the ionisation of weak acids and bases and explain ion trapping.
12 mins read ·
17 questions
Compare the routes of drug administration (oral, sublingual, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, inhalational, topical, transdermal): advantages and limitations.