11 mins read ·
16 questions
Define pharmacognosy and related terms (crude drug, natural product, herbal medicine, phytotherapy, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry).
11 mins read ·
19 questions
Outline the history of pharmacognosy, from traditional systems of medicine to modern pharmacognosy.
12 mins read ·
19 questions
Explain the role of modern pharmacognosy in drug discovery, with examples of medicines derived from natural sources (e.g. morphine, quinine, artemisinin, vincristine, paclitaxel, digoxin).
11 mins read ·
13 questions
Explain the systems for classifying crude drugs (alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, pharmacological/physiological, chemical, chemotaxonomic) and their advantages and limitations.
12 mins read ·
12 questions
Describe the scope of pharmacognosy in Ghana: herbal medicine practice and research and the regulation of herbal medicines by the Ghana FDA.
11 mins read ·
15 questions
Outline the history and scope of plant taxonomy, including artificial, natural and phylogenetic systems of classification and the contribution of Linnaeus.
10 mins read ·
17 questions
Apply the binomial system and the rules of botanical nomenclature to write plant names correctly, including author citation.
11 mins read ·
24 questions
Explain the importance of correct identification of medicinal plants and use identification keys; name major medicinal plant families with examples.
12 mins read ·
18 questions
Describe the macroscopic characters of diagnostic importance in crude drugs: size, shape, colour, odour, taste, surface features, fracture and texture (organoleptic evaluation).
11 mins read ·
14 questions
Describe leaf morphology (lamina, apex, margin, base, venation, phyllotaxy; simple and compound leaves) as applied to leaf drugs.
11 mins read ·
13 questions
Describe the morphology of roots, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs and barks, and distinguish underground stems from roots.
11 mins read ·
26 questions
Describe the morphology of flowers, fruits and seeds used as crude drugs.