12 mins read ·
23 questions
Identify common crude drugs, including locally used medicinal plants, from their macroscopic characters.
11 mins read ·
16 questions
Describe the structure and function of plant cell types (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma: fibres and sclereids) and tissues (epidermal, ground, vascular: xylem and phloem; cork; secretory tissues).
12 mins read ·
18 questions
Describe epidermal structures of diagnostic value: stomatal types (anomocytic, anisocytic, paracytic, diacytic) and trichomes (covering and glandular).
13 mins read ·
17 questions
Describe cell inclusions and their diagnostic value: starch grains, aleurone grains, calcium oxalate crystals, cystoliths, fixed oils and mucilage.
13 mins read ·
16 questions
Describe the arrangement of tissues in transverse sections of leaf, stem, root and bark.
9 mins read ·
14 questions
Define adulteration, substitution and sophistication, and classify the types of adulteration.
12 mins read ·
18 questions
Give examples of adulterants and substitutes of crude drugs, and describe how each is detected.
12 mins read ·
20 questions
Describe the methods of evaluating crude drugs: organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological.
12 mins read ·
14 questions
Calculate and interpret physicochemical constants (total ash, acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying, extractive value).
11 mins read ·
12 questions
Describe the adulteration of herbal products with undeclared synthetic drugs and heavy metals.
12 mins read ·
13 questions
Describe the collection of plant specimens, field notes, pressing, drying, preservation, mounting, labelling and storage.
12 mins read ·
8 questions
Prepare a herbarium specimen with a correct label and voucher number.