13 mins read ·
14 questions
Explain the principles of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis and their pharmaceutical applications.
12 mins read ·
14 questions
Describe vapour–liquid equilibrium in miscible binary systems using Raoult's and Dalton's laws.
12 mins read ·
14 questions
Explain positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law and the formation of minimum- and maximum-boiling azeotropes.
13 mins read ·
11 questions
Describe the behaviour of immiscible binary systems and the principle of steam distillation.
12 mins read ·
10 questions
Describe simple and fractional distillation and their applications.
12 mins read ·
12 questions
Describe flash distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and molecular (short-path) distillation.
13 mins read ·
14 questions
Explain why particle size matters in pharmaceutical products.
11 mins read ·
13 questions
Define equivalent diameters and describe number, volume and mass distributions.
13 mins read ·
24 questions
Describe the principle, size range, advantages and limitations of microscopy, sieving, sedimentation, electrical sensing zone method and laser light scattering.
13 mins read ·
14 questions
Apply Stokes' law to calculate sedimentation velocity or Stokes' diameter.
13 mins read ·
15 questions
Describe methods for measuring specific surface area and relate surface area to particle size.
12 mins read ·
13 questions
Define and calculate true, bulk and tapped density, porosity and void fraction.