10 mins read ·
11 questions
Define extraction (menstruum, marc) and explain the stages of solvent extraction from plant material: solvent penetration, dissolution of constituents and diffusion out of the tissue.
12 mins read ·
14 questions
Explain the factors that govern the choice of extraction solvent (selectivity, polarity, safety, stability, cost), comparing water, ethanol and hydroalcoholic mixtures.
13 mins read ·
16 questions
Describe and compare infusion, decoction, digestion and maceration (simple and multiple), and select the appropriate method for a given material.
12 mins read ·
5 questions
Explain how particle size, temperature, agitation, solvent-to-material ratio and time affect the rate and completeness of extraction.
13 mins read ·
17 questions
Describe percolation and compare it with maceration.
13 mins read ·
17 questions
Define expression and describe its use to obtain fixed oils and juices from plant material.
13 mins read ·
13 questions
Describe the construction and operation of the screw (expeller) press and the hydraulic press, and compare them.
11 mins read ·
12 questions
Explain the factors that affect yield in expression (pre-treatment, moisture content, temperature, pressure).
12 mins read ·
13 questions
Define slurry, filtrate, filter medium, filter cake and filter aid, and describe the mechanisms of filtration.
12 mins read ·
5 questions
Use Darcy's equation to explain how pressure difference, filter area, liquid viscosity, and cake thickness and permeability affect the rate of filtration.
13 mins read ·
6 questions
Describe the types of filter media and filter aids, and select a medium for a given application.
13 mins read ·
13 questions
Describe filtration equipment and select equipment for a given scale and slurry.