GEMP - Cellular physiology 🔥

Cellular Physiology Introduction Cellular physiology is the study of the biochemical and biophysical processes that occur within cells, the fundamental units of life. Understanding cellular physiology is essential in medicine as it lays the groundwork for comprehending how cells function in health and disease, influencing everything from drug action to disease pathology. Key Concepts 1. C...

Quiz Type

Practice

Subject

Physiology

Level

Level 300

Questions

8 questions

Created By

Premio Quest

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Time limit: 4 minutes
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Question 1 of 8

Question 1

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Considering the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, what would be the effect of increasing the temperature on protein distribution within the membrane?

Proteins would become rigid and immobilized.

Proteins would increase movement leading to greater fluidity.

Correct

Proteins would aggregate to form larger complexes.

Membrane thickness would decrease significantly.

Explanation

Increasing temperature typically increases the kinetic energy of membrane components, resulting in enhanced fluidity and mobility of proteins.

Question 2

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

In studying a type of cancer that demonstrates the Warburg effect, which of the following interventions may serve as a targeted therapeutic approach?

Enhancing mitochondrial activity to increase oxidative phosphorylation.

Correct

Inhibiting glucose transporters on the cell membrane.

Promoting fatty acid synthesis as an energy source.

Blocking the action of ribosomes in protein synthesis.

Explanation

Enhancing mitochondrial activity could counter the Warburg effect by promoting oxidative phosphorylation, which may reduce the reliance on glycolysis.

Question 3

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

When evaluating a cell's ability to maintain homeostasis, which imbalance could indicate a potential malfunction in ion transport mechanisms, particularly affecting muscle contraction?

High intracellular potassium levels.

Low extracellular sodium levels.

Correct

Stable calcium concentrations.

Increased pH levels within the cytoplasm.

Explanation

Low extracellular sodium levels could impair muscle contraction because sodium is critical for depolarization during action potentials.

Question 4

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

A researcher is studying the signaling pathways of a nerve cell. If the cell's signaling is disrupted by a blockage at the receptor level, what might be the first observable cellular change in response?

Increased intracellular calcium levels.

Decreased synthesis of second messengers.

Correct

Altered pH balance within the cytoplasm.

Enhanced neuronal firing rates.

Explanation

Blocking receptors would prevent the initiation of signaling cascades, leading to a decrease in the synthesis of second messengers.

Question 5

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

When comparing catabolism and anabolism, which scenario accurately represents an application of these two processes within a cell’s metabolism during fasting?

Proteins are synthesized, while glucose is stored as glycogen.

Lipids are broken down to glucose for energy, while amino acids are built up into proteins.

Fatty acids are oxidized for energy, while glucose is synthesized.

Correct

Glycogen is hydrolyzed to fatty acids for storage.

Explanation

During fasting, the body typically oxidizes fatty acids for energy (catabolism) while often synthesizing glucose from simpler precursors (anabolism).

Question 6

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

In evaluating the diverse functionalities of cell types, which statement correctly identifies a distinction based on organelle specialization?

Muscle cells have an abundance of lysosomes compared to nerve cells.

Epithelial cells possess extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum for secretion.

Correct

All cells contain similar numbers of mitochondria regardless of function.

Nerve cells are primarily active in catabolic processes.

Explanation

Epithelial cells have more rough endoplasmic reticulum to support high rates of protein synthesis for secretion than nerve cells.

Question 7

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Considering the principle of passive transport, which scenario correctly illustrates facilitated diffusion?

Glucose transport across the cell membrane via protein channels.

Correct

Movement of oxygen into the cell through lipid bilayer.

Sodium ions moving into the cell against the concentration gradient.

Water molecules diffusing through aquaporins.

Explanation

Facilitated diffusion involves specific transport proteins moving substances like glucose across the membrane without energy input.

Question 8

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Which crucial role do second messengers play in cellular signal transduction, particularly in amplifying the response to a ligand binding at the receptor?

They directly bind to and activate receptor proteins.

They serve as transporters for ions across the membrane.

They relay the signal internally, amplifying and integrating it for the cell's response.

Correct

They initiate the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids.

Explanation

Second messengers relay and amplify signals within the cell, diversifying the cellular response following ligand-receptor interactions.