GEMP - Cell injury 🔥
Reversible and Irreversible Cell Injury Introduction Cell injury is a critical concept in medical pathology that describes the responses of cells to various stimuli and stresses. Understanding the differences between reversible and irreversible cell injury is fundamental for diagnosing diseases and guiding treatment strategies, as the fate of a cell often determines the health and function of...
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Question 1
A patient presents with temporary chest pain and ischemia due to stress. Upon resolving the stressor, which cellular injury mechanism is most likely applicable?
Explanation
The patient experienced mild ischemia that can lead to reversible cell injury, allowing recovery upon stress resolution.
Question 2
In a study comparing various injuries to neuronal cells, which scenario reflects irreversible cell injury leading to apoptosis?
Explanation
Extended ischemic conditions can cause irreversible cell injury and induce apoptotic pathways in neurons.
Question 3
A liver biopsy of a patient with chronic alcohol consumption shows cirrhosis. What does this indicate about the type of cell injury experienced?
Explanation
Cirrhosis signifies irreversible cell injury due to chronic damage from alcohol, leading to permanent loss of liver structure function.
Question 4
During an emergency procedure, a patient's myocardial infarction is detected after hours of ischemia. What cellular mechanism determines cell death in this context?
Explanation
Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to loss of ATP production is a hallmark of irreversible cell injury in myocardial infarction.
Question 5
Clinicians often observe reperfusion injury in patients post-ischemia. What underlying mechanism contributes to this paradoxical effect?
Explanation
Reperfusion injury involves further cellular damage caused by oxidative stress upon restoration of blood flow.
Question 6
In assessing a patient with chronic inflammation, which finding would indicate irreversible injury rather than reversible cellular responses?
Explanation
Marked cell death and subsequent tissue scarring indicate irreversible injury, contrasting with potential reversible changes.
Question 7
A histopathological examination reveals nuclear fragmentation and cytoplasmic leakage in a tissue sample. What is the most accurate diagnosis regarding cell fate?
Explanation
Nuclear fragmentation and cytoplasmic leakage are characteristic of apoptosis, indicating irreversible cell death.
Question 8
Considering the metabolic changes during reversible cell injury, which one of the following accurately describes these changes?
Explanation
During reversible cell injury, cells often switch to anaerobic metabolism, leading to lactic acid accumulation but preserving recovery potential.
Question 9
In a clinical case study, a patient recovers from mild hypoxia due to exercise. What is the most likely cellular adaptation mechanism demonstrated?
Explanation
The patient likely experienced reversible injury characterized by cellular swelling that resolved after alleviating the hypoxia.