GEMP - Blood Groups
Introduction Blood groups are classifications of blood based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Understanding blood groups is crucial in the fields of medicine, transfusion science, and organ transplantation, as mismatched blood can lead to serious, sometimes fatal, reactions during transfusions. Key Concepts 1. ABO Blood Group System The ABO...
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Question 1
Which blood group is considered the universal recipient?
Explanation
Type AB blood has both A and B antigens and does not have corresponding antibodies, allowing it to receive blood from any ABO group.
Question 2
What is the main cause of hemolytic transfusion reactions?
Explanation
Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur when the recipient's antibodies attack incompatible antigens on transfused red blood cells.
Question 3
Which blood group can a person with type O blood safely receive?
Explanation
Individuals with type O blood produce antibodies against both A and B antigens and can only receive type O blood.
Question 4
What does the Rh factor indicate in blood typing?
Explanation
The Rh factor refers to the presence (+) or absence (-) of the D antigen on red blood cells in blood typing.
Question 5
What is the significance of blood typing in prenatal care for Rh-negative mothers?
Explanation
Blood typing for Rh-negative mothers is important for monitoring and managing potential Rh incompatibility issues during pregnancy.
Question 6
What technique is commonly used for blood typing?
Explanation
Serological typing involves mixing blood samples with antibodies to identify specific antigens present on red blood cells.
Question 7
In blood transfusions, what major risk is associated with mismatched blood types?
Explanation
Mismatched blood type transfusions can lead to severe immune reactions, such as hemolytic reactions, which can be life-threatening.
Question 8
Why is crossmatching important in organ transplantation?
Explanation
Crossmatching tests help ensure that the blood types of the donor and recipient are compatible, reducing the risk of organ rejection.
Question 9
What kind of blood group does a person with AB+ blood type have?
Explanation
AB+ blood type has both A and B antigens, along with the presence of the D antigen, making it Rh-positive.
Question 10
What is the primary consequence of a hemolytic disease of the newborn?
Explanation
Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when Rh-negative mothers develop antibodies against their Rh-positive baby's red blood cells, leading to cell destruction.
Question 11
What should be considered when conducting blood donation drives?
Explanation
Understanding blood group distribution helps organize blood donation drives effectively, ensuring adequate supply for transfusions.
Question 12
Which of the following is a common misconception about blood types?
Explanation
A common misconception is that type O blood can be mixed with any other blood type; however, type O individuals can only receive type O blood due to their antibodies.
Question 13
Which statement is true regarding the Rh factor in blood classification?
Explanation
Rh-negative individuals lack the D antigen, making the statement true. Incompatible Rh types during transfusions or pregnancies can lead to complications, emphasizing the critical nature of understanding the Rh factor.