Basic chemical patholohy

Chemical Pathology is the branch of pathology dealing with the biochemical basis of disease and the use of biochemical tests for diagnosis and management. Laboratory tests are most often requested for defined diagnostic purposes. The justification for discretionary testing is well sumarised by answering the following questions: HOW OFTEN SHOULD A PATIENT BE INVESTIGATED? Whether a chang...

Quiz Type

Practice

Subject

Chemical Pathology

Level

Level 400

Questions

20 questions

Created By

Nessa Tish

Quick Rules

Time limit: 10 minutes
Multiple attempts are not allowed
All questions must be answered to submit

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Question 1 of 20

Question 1

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Which branch of pathology focuses on the biochemical basis of diseases?

Histopathology

Microbiology

Chemical Pathology

Correct

Immunopathology

Explanation

Chemical Pathology is the branch that deals with the biochemical basis of disease.

Question 2

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What is the purpose of laboratory tests in chemical pathology?

Only for research purposes

To confirm treatment plans only

For diagnosis and management of diseases

Correct

To replace clinical evaluations

Explanation

Laboratory tests are primarily used for the diagnosis and management of diseases.

Question 3

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Which type of screening test is used for newborns to detect phenylketonuria?

Mass screening

Correct

Symptomatic patient screening

Diagnostic confirmation

Monitoring disease status

Explanation

Mass screening tests like those for phenylketonuria are specifically designed to detect diseases in newborns.

Question 4

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What should be considered when determining the frequency of patient investigation?

Patient's dietary habits

How quickly the treatment can be altered based on test results

Correct

The patient's insurance coverage

Geographical location of the patient

Explanation

The decision on how often to investigate depends on whether significant changes in test results affect treatment.

Question 5

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Which criterion is NOT part of laboratory screening criteria?

High prevalence of the disease

Disease with easy outdoor detection

Correct

Significant morbidity and mortality if untreated

Availability of effective therapy

Explanation

The criterion on disease detection in outdoor settings is not relevant to laboratory screening criteria.

Question 6

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What defines analytical sensitivity in biochemical tests?

The ability to detect normal values

The ability to detect low concentrations of an analyte

Correct

The ability to confirm a diagnosis

The ability to provide therapy recommendations

Explanation

Analytical sensitivity measures how little of the analyte can be detected in a biological specimen.

Question 7

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

How is analytical specificity best defined?

The test's ability to measure multiple analytes simultaneously

The test's precision across different samples

The test's ability to discriminate between the intended analyte and other substances

Correct

The test's reliability over time

Explanation

Analytical specificity refers to the assay's capability to correctly identify the target analyte amidst other substances.

Question 8

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What are reference ranges compared to when interpreting test results?

The most recent laboratory results

Values from a defined reference population

Correct

Values observed in symbiotic cases

Global health statistics

Explanation

Results are interpreted based on a set of comparative values from a defined reference population.

Question 9

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What does the term 'sensitivity' refer to in laboratory testing?

The test's ability to measure various concentrations

The test's ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease

Correct

The test's ability to detect false positives

The test's efficacy in a clinical setting

Explanation

Sensitivity is the measure of a test's accuracy in correctly identifying individuals who have a disease.

Question 10

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

In the context of diagnostic testing, what does specificity measure?

The ability to detect all possible diseases

The ability to exclusively identify the disease of interest

Correct

The ability to detect diseases in every patient

The overall cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests

Explanation

Specificity measures how well a test can exclude individuals who do not have the disease.

Question 11

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

When might the sequence of laboratory tests prioritize higher yield tests?

When the patient exhibits mild symptoms

When the testing situation is critical

Correct

When there is ample time for diagnosis

When costs are a major concern

Explanation

In critical situations, tests with the highest yield are prioritized to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.

Question 12

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What is a significant biological cause of variation in biochemical tests known as?

Methodological variance

Analytical variability

Within- and between-individual variation

Correct

Sample contamination

Explanation

Biological variation can occur both within an individual over time and between different individuals.

Question 13

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Which of the following is NOT a reason to conduct discretionary testing?

The test results can alter treatment decisions

Infrequent access to laboratory services

Correct

Presence of symptoms indicating potential disease

High prevalence of the disease in the population

Explanation

Limited access to laboratory services does not justify discretionary testing compared to other reasons.

Question 14

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What is the main role of laboratory tests in monitoring disease status?

To ensure the patient's diet is appropriate

To provide data for clinical trials

To track changes in condition and treatment effectiveness

Correct

To assess the patient's mental health

Explanation

Monitoring tests help track disease progression and the effectiveness of treatments over time.

Question 15

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

In what order should laboratory tests ideally be conducted when testing patients?

From least to most cost-effective

From high risk to low risk

From cheap to costly and low to high risk

Correct

From general to specific

Explanation

Tests should be ordered based on cost-effectiveness and risk to optimize patient safety and resources.

Question 16

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Which factor is crucial for the effectiveness of a screening test?

High number of lab personnel

The availability of subsequent rituals

Ability to detect the disease before symptoms arise

Correct

The complexity of the test procedures

Explanation

Effective screening tests must identify diseases early, ideally before symptoms manifest in patients.

Question 17

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What is one of the critical components of a successful laboratory test?

Availability of expensive reagents

Test specimen size

Cost-effectiveness and easy performance

Correct

Speed of obtaining results

Explanation

A test must be cost-effective and easy to perform in the lab to be widely used.

Question 18

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What aspect of laboratory testing relates to its reliability?

Precision and accuracy

Correct

Complexity of the test

Number of trials done

Duration of the procedure

Explanation

Reliability depends on the precision and accuracy of the tests, ensuring consistent results.

Question 19

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

What is the primary purpose of laboratory tests in chemical pathology?

To predict patient outcomes without any intervention.

To provide an assessment of treatment effectiveness without further diagnosis.

To confirm a diagnosis and monitor disease status.

To establish the biochemical basis of diseases and aid in their management.

Correct

Explanation

The main role of laboratory tests in chemical pathology is to understand the biochemical basis of diseases and utilize biochemical tests for effective diagnosis and management of conditions.

Question 20

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Which of the following is NOT one of the laboratory screening criteria?

The disease must have effective and safe therapy available.

There must be low cost associated with the test.

Correct

The disease should be detectable before symptoms appear.

Significant morbidity and mortality must accompany untreated disease.

Explanation

The laboratory screening criteria include the need for effective therapy and the ability to detect disease before symptoms arise, but they do not stipulate low testing costs as a criterion.