GEMP - Nucleic acids
Nucleic Acids Introduction Nucleic acids are vital biomolecules that serve as the building blocks of life, primarily responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information. In the field of medicine, they play critical roles in processes such as protein synthesis, genetic regulation, and the response to disease, making their understanding essential for medical professionals. Key ...
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Question 1
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Explanation
A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.
Question 2
Which of the following sequences correctly matches the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Explanation
In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, while guanine pairs with cytosine.
Question 3
What is the primary role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
Explanation
mRNA serves as a template that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome where proteins are synthesized.
Question 4
Which process involves synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?
Explanation
Transcription is the process where RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.
Question 5
How does CRISPR-Cas9 facilitate gene editing?
Explanation
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing technology that enables precise modifications to DNA sequences, allowing targeted genetic alterations.
Question 6
What is the significance of mutations in nucleic acids?
Explanation
Mutations can lead to genetic variations, which are essential for evolution and can sometimes confer advantages.
Question 7
In which form does DNA primarily exist in cells?
Explanation
DNA primarily exists as a double helix formed by two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
Question 8
Which of the following nucleic acids includes uracil instead of thymine?
Explanation
RNA, specifically mRNA, contains uracil (U) in place of thymine (T), which is found in DNA.
Question 9
What is the main purpose of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
Explanation
PCR is a laboratory technique used to amplify small segments of DNA, making it easier to analyze.
Question 10
Which type of RNA functions primarily in the cytoplasm to bring appropriate amino acids for protein synthesis?
Explanation
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.