Inflammation
Cardinals, components, causes, Pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory reaction steps, acute and chronic inflammation, morphologic patterns of acute, macrophage activation pathways,
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Time limit: 10 minutes
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Question 1
Which type of inflammation is characterized by rapid onset and involves the accumulation of neutrophils?
Explanation
Acute inflammation is characterized by the rapid accumulation of neutrophils in response to injury or infection.
Question 2
What is the primary function of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the immune system?
Explanation
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are integral to the immune system's ability to recognize and bind to specific patterns associated with pathogens.
Question 3
Which inflammatory mediator is primarily responsible for the vasodilation during the inflammatory response?
Explanation
Histamine is a key mediator that causes vasodilation, increasing blood flow to the site of inflammation.
Question 4
What morphological pattern of acute inflammation is characterized by the production of pus?
Explanation
Suppurative inflammation is marked by the formation of pus, typically due to bacterial infections.
Question 5
Which of the following is a pathway of macrophage activation in response to pathogens?
Explanation
Macrophages can be activated via both classical and alternative pathways, each leading to differing functional outcomes.
Question 6
Chronic inflammation is typically characterized by the predominance of which immune cells?
Explanation
Chronic inflammation is characterized mainly by the presence of mononuclear cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes.
Question 7
What is the first step in the inflammatory reaction?
Explanation
The first step in the inflammatory reaction is the recognition of injury or infection, which prompts the inflammatory response.
Question 8
A condition characterized by the formation of granulomas is typically seen in which type of inflammation?
Explanation
Granulomas are a hallmark of chronic inflammation, indicating a persistent immune response to certain stimuli.
Question 9
Which component of the inflammatory response is responsible for increased vascular permeability?
Explanation
Cytokines play a crucial role in mediating increased vascular permeability during inflammation.
Question 10
Which cytokine is primarily involved in the systemic response to acute inflammation?
Explanation
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is crucial for mediating systemic responses in acute inflammation.
Question 11
Which of the following statements about the components of inflammation is true?
Explanation
Inflammation involves both leukocyte activity and vascular changes, highlighting its complexity.
Question 12
What role do chemokines play in the inflammatory process?
Explanation
Chemokines are signaling proteins that attract immune cells to the sites of inflammation, aiding in the immune response.
Question 13
Which of the following tissue responses occurs in acute inflammation?
Explanation
Regeneration is a key process that occurs during acute inflammation, as the body attempts to restore normal function.
Question 14
The presence of multinucleated giant cells is a characteristic of which type of inflammation?
Explanation
Multinucleated giant cells are a hallmark of chronic inflammation, often seen in granulomatous conditions.
Question 15
Which inflammatory pathway is typically activated in response to helminth infections?
Explanation
The alternative activation pathway of macrophages is particularly important in responding to helminth infections.
Question 16
Which of the following is NOT a component of the inflammatory response?
Explanation
Na+ absorption is not a component of the inflammatory response, whereas the other options are central to the process.
Question 17
The term 'cardinal signs of inflammation' refers to which of the following?
Explanation
The cardinal signs of inflammation are heat, redness, swelling, pain, and sometimes loss of function.
Question 18
What is the end result of a successful inflammatory reaction?
Explanation
The successful outcome of inflammation is typically the resolution of tissue damage and restoration of normal function.
Question 19
Which of the following best describes the role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in inflammation?
Explanation
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are crucial components of the innate immune system, recognizing specific patterns associated with pathogens, known as PAMPs, to initiate inflammatory and immune responses.
Question 20
In the context of acute inflammation, which step is NOT typically included in the inflammatory reaction sequence?
Explanation
While resolution through tissue regeneration can occur following inflammation, it typically pertains to the later stages of inflammation and healing; thus, it is not a direct step in the acute inflammatory response.