GEMP - Cell Cycle and mitosis
Cell Cycle and Mitosis Introduction The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell undergoes to grow and divide, resulting in two daughter cells. Understanding the intricacies of the cell cycle and the process of mitosis is essential for medical professionals, as it underpins fundamental concepts in growth, tissue repair, and cancer biology. Key Concepts 1. The Phases of the Cell Cycle T...
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Question 1
Which of the following best describes the events that occur during prophase of mitosis?
Explanation
During prophase, chromatin condenses and becomes visible as chromosomes, while the nuclear membrane begins to break down.
Question 2
What is the role of cyclins in the regulation of the cell cycle?
Explanation
Cyclins activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which phosphorylate target proteins to drive the cell cycle forward.
Question 3
What is the primary function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
Explanation
The G1 phase is characterized by cell growth and the synthesis of proteins necessary for DNA replication.
Question 4
During which phase of the cell cycle does the DNA replication occur?
Explanation
The S phase, or Synthesis phase, is when the cell's DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes.
Question 5
What major process occurs during the M phase of the cell cycle?
Explanation
The M phase encompasses mitosis, the process of nuclear division followed by cytokinesis, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.
Question 6
Which stage follows metaphase in the process of mitosis?
Explanation
Anaphase is the stage that follows metaphase, where sister chromatids are separated and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
Question 7
How does apoptosis contribute to cell cycle regulation?
Explanation
Apoptosis is programmed cell death that helps maintain tissue homeostasis by eliminating damaged or unnecessary cells, preventing uncontrolled proliferation.
Question 8
Which of the following statements accurately differentiates between mitosis and cytokinesis?
Explanation
Cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, occurs at the end of mitosis; while they are related, they are distinct processes.
Question 9
What might result from dysregulation of the cell cycle?
Explanation
Dysregulation of the cell cycle can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, contributing to tumor formation and cancer development.
Question 10
What therapeutic strategy is often employed in treating cancer with respect to mitosis?
Explanation
Chemotherapeutic agents like Taxol stabilize microtubules, preventing mitotic spindle formation, which halts the proliferation of cancer cells.