GEMP - Apoptosis
Apoptosis Introduction Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a fundamental biological process that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating development in multicellular organisms. It is essential for normal growth, immune system function, and the elimination of damaged cells. Understanding apoptosis is particularly important in the medical field, as...
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Question 1
What distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis?
Explanation
Apoptosis is characterized by its clean removal of cells without causing inflammation, unlike necrosis, which results in inflammatory responses and damage to surrounding tissues.
Question 2
Which protein is NOT typically considered a pro-apoptotic factor in the intrinsic pathway?
Explanation
Caspase-8 is associated with the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, while BAX and BAK are key pro-apoptotic proteins in the intrinsic pathway.
Question 3
Which cellular event is NOT associated with apoptosis?
Explanation
Apoptosis does not involve an inflammatory response; instead, it is characterized by cellular shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies.
Question 4
In which condition is excessive apoptosis detrimental to health?
Explanation
Excessive apoptosis contributes to the loss of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases, making it detrimental in such conditions.
Question 5
What is the primary initiating signal of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?
Explanation
The intrinsic pathway is primarily initiated by intracellular stress signals such as growth factor withdrawal, oxidative stress, or DNA damage.
Question 6
What role do caspases play in apoptosis?
Explanation
Caspases are essential for executing apoptosis by degrading key cellular components, orchestrating the process of cell death.
Question 7
Therapeutically, how can apoptosis be targeted to treat cancer?
Explanation
In cancer therapy, chemotherapeutic agents aim to induce apoptosis in cancer cells to curb their uncontrolled proliferation.
Question 8
What is the correct sequence of events in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?
Explanation
In the intrinsic pathway, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization leads to the release of cytochrome c, which then activates caspases.
Question 9
Which of the following statements about apoptosis is TRUE?
Explanation
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that does not lead to immediate cell death and occurs both under normal physiological and pathological conditions.
Question 10
In autoimmune disorders, inadequate apoptosis of immune cells can result in what?
Explanation
Inadequate apoptosis of autoreactive immune cells can lead to autoimmune responses, resulting in damage to the body's own tissues.