GEMP - Acute Inflammation
Introduction Acute inflammation is a fundamental biological response to tissue injury and infection characterized by a rapid onset and a short duration. It plays a crucial role in healing and the immune system by facilitating the body's defense against pathogens. Understanding acute inflammation is essential for medical professionals, as it underpins many diseases and conditions that require p...
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Time limit: 7 minutes
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Question 1
What are the three primary phases of acute inflammation?
Explanation
Acute inflammation consists of three primary phases: Vascular Phase, Cellular Phase, and Resolution Phase, which help in coordinating the body's response to injury or infection.
Question 2
Which of the following mediators is primarily responsible for increasing vascular permeability during acute inflammation?
Explanation
Histamine is a vasoactive substance that is released to increase vascular permeability, allowing immune components to exit the bloodstream.
Question 3
The acronym 'SHARP' is used to remember the classic signs of acute inflammation. What does 'A' stand for?
Explanation
'A' in the acronym 'SHARP' stands for Aredness (hyperemia), which indicates increased blood flow to the inflamed area.
Question 4
Which of the following is NOT a cause of acute inflammation?
Explanation
Pre-existing chronic disease is not a direct cause of acute inflammation; it can lead to chronic inflammation instead.
Question 5
Which phase of acute inflammation focuses on the restoration of tissue homeostasis?
Explanation
The Resolution Phase of acute inflammation is centered on restoring tissue homeostasis after the threat has been neutralized.
Question 6
What is the primary role of chemokines during acute inflammation?
Explanation
Chemokines are a subset of cytokines that specifically attract immune cells, facilitating their migration to the site of inflammation.
Question 7
Which outcome of acute inflammation refers to excessive tissue repair leading to scar formation?
Explanation
Fibrosis is when excessive tissue repair occurs during the resolution of inflammation, leading to the formation of scar tissue.
Question 8
In the context of acute appendicitis, what primarily contributes to the pain experienced?
Explanation
In acute appendicitis, pain is primarily due to the swelling of the appendix which compresses surrounding tissues and activates pain receptors.
Question 9
Which is a common misconception about acute inflammation?
Explanation
A common misconception is that acute inflammation is always harmful; however, it is a necessary process for healing and fighting infections.
Question 10
What can result from an excessive acute inflammatory response?
Explanation
An excessive or uncontrolled acute inflammatory response can lead to chronic inflammation or systemic complications like sepsis.
Question 11
Which of the following cytokines is known to enhance the inflammatory response?
Explanation
TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a significant role in enhancing the immune response during inflammation.
Question 12
What does the term 'resolution' mean in the context of acute inflammation?
Explanation
Resolution refers to the process of returning to homeostasis after the inflammation has subsided and healing has occurred.
Question 13
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute inflammation?
Explanation
Scarring is not a characteristic of acute inflammation itself, but rather a potential outcome, particularly if the inflammation leads to excessive tissue repair.
Question 14
Which phase of acute inflammation is characterized by increased blood flow and permeability, allowing plasma proteins and leukocytes to exit the bloodstream?
Explanation
The vascular phase of acute inflammation is the initial response that involves increased blood flow and vascular permeability, facilitating the exit of plasma proteins and leukocytes into the affected tissues.
Question 15
What is a common misconception about acute inflammation?
Explanation
A common misconception is that inflammation is synonymous with infection; however, inflammation can occur due to tissue injury and does not always involve pathogens.