Gametogenesis and Fertilization
Oogenesis, polar bodies, spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, A dark and A pale stem cells, penetration of Zona pellucida, zona reaction, capacitation,
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Question 1
What is the primary difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?
Explanation
Oogenesis results in one functional ovum and three non-functional polar bodies, while spermatogenesis results in four functional spermatozoa.
Question 2
What process refers to the transformation of spermatids into mature spermatozoa?
Explanation
Spermiogenesis is the specific process by which spermatids undergo morphological changes to become mature spermatozoa.
Question 3
What structure must sperm penetrate to fertilize an ovum?
Explanation
The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer that surrounds the ovum and must be penetrated by sperm for fertilization to occur.
Question 4
What is the zona reaction?
Explanation
The zona reaction involves changes to the zona pellucida that prevent polyspermy, enabling only one sperm to fertilize the egg.
Question 5
What is capacitation in the context of sperm maturation?
Explanation
Capacitation is a crucial maturation step for sperm that occurs within the female reproductive tract, enabling them to successfully fertilize an egg.
Question 6
Which type of stem cells are characterized as 'A dark' and 'A pale'?
Explanation
'A dark' and 'A pale' refer to different types of germline stem cells, which are involved in the gametogenesis process.
Question 7
Which statement best describes the function of polar bodies during oogenesis?
Explanation
Polar bodies are formed during oogenesis to eliminate excess genetic material, allowing the primary oocyte to produce one viable ovum.
Question 8
What is the primary role of the zona pellucida during fertilization?
Explanation
The zona pellucida plays a critical role in the fertilization process by facilitating sperm binding and preventing multiple sperm from fertilizing the egg.
Question 9
Which phase of spermatogenesis involves the first meiotic division?
Explanation
Spermatocytogenesis is the phase in spermatogenesis where spermatogonia undergo the first meiotic division, resulting in secondary spermatocytes.
Question 10
Which component of sperm ensures successful fertilization through binding to the zona pellucida?
Explanation
The acrosome, which contains enzymes, is essential for penetrating the zona pellucida and facilitates the binding of sperm to the ovum during fertilization.