Apotosis and intracellular accumulation
Metastatic calcification Dystrophic calcification Apotosis Cell injury Phagocytic regulations in apoptosis Biochemical features of apoptosis
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Question 1
A clinical case presents a patient with chronic kidney disease. Upon imaging, there are signs of soft tissue calcification. Which type of calcification is most likely responsible for this finding?
Explanation
Metastatic calcification occurs when there is high serum calcium levels often due to chronic conditions like kidney disease.
Question 2
In a study on cellular responses to injury, it was found that a subset of cells underwent programmed cell death rather than necrosis. What mechanism is primarily responsible for this type of cell death?
Explanation
Apoptosis is the regulated process of programmed cell death that allows cells to die in a controlled manner.
Question 3
A patient shows signs of cellular apoptosis. Which of the following biochemical features would be least likely to be observed in this process?
Explanation
In apoptosis, there is minimal inflammation, making increased inflammation an unlikely feature.
Question 4
In an experimental model, a researcher disrupts the signals that mediate apoptosis in a cell line. What potential outcome can be expected?
Explanation
Disruption of apoptotic signals may lead to the accumulation of damaged cells, increasing the risk of neoplasia.
Question 5
In the context of cell injury, how might acute inflammation influence the process of apoptosis in the tissue?
Explanation
Acute inflammation may enhance signaling that promotes apoptosis, aiding in the removal of damaged cells.
Question 6
A pathologist encounters tissues exhibiting dystrophic calcification in a histological specimen. Which underlying condition is most likely contributing to this finding?
Explanation
Dystrophic calcification often occurs in areas of necrotic tissue, which is common in myocardial infarction.
Question 7
In a scenario where a person exhibits signs of widespread tissue damage but no inflammatory response, which process might be predominant?
Explanation
Apoptosis can occur without inflammation; it allows for controlled removal of cells without causing inflammatory responses.
Question 8
Evaluating a case of dystrophic calcification in a biopsy, what would the presence of calcific deposits indicate about the preceding cellular events?
Explanation
Dystrophic calcification indicates that there has been tissue injury or necrosis leading to deposition of calcium salts.
Question 9
How does the presence of dystrophic calcification in a region of tissue relate to the overall pathophysiological state of that tissue?
Explanation
Dystrophic calcification typically indicates a history of tissue injury or necrosis, not a normal physiological process.