digestive system
Organs of the GIT, Digestive process within GIT, Accessory organs, Secretions within GIT, Hormones of the GIT
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Time limit: 10 minutes
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Question 1
What is the main function of the large intestine in the GIT?
Explanation
The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water from indigestible food matter and to form and store feces.
Question 2
Which of the following is NOT a secretion within the GIT?
Explanation
Insulin is not secreted within the GIT; it is produced by the pancreas and regulates blood glucose levels.
Question 3
What is the primary organ responsible for nutrient absorption in the GIT?
Explanation
The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients due to its large surface area and specialized structures like villi and microvilli.
Question 4
Which organ is primarily involved in the mechanical digestion of food?
Explanation
The stomach is responsible for mechanical digestion through churning and mixing food with gastric juices.
Question 5
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the secretion of bile?
Explanation
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to fats in the duodenum and stimulates the gallbladder to release bile.
Question 6
What is the primary function of the salivary glands within the GIT?
Explanation
Salivary glands secrete saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.
Question 7
What role does secretin play in the digestive process?
Explanation
Secretin is released in response to acidic chyme entering the small intestine and stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate, neutralizing stomach acid.
Question 8
Which accessory organ produces bile?
Explanation
The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.
Question 9
Which phase of digestion occurs in the mouth?
Explanation
The oral phase of digestion involves mechanical breakdown of food and enzymatic action (amylase) from saliva.
Question 10
What is the function of pepsin in the digestive process?
Explanation
Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides in the acidic environment of the stomach.
Question 11
Which structure prevents the backflow of food from the stomach to the esophagus?
Explanation
The lower esophageal sphincter (also known as the cardiac sphincter) prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
Question 12
Which accessory organ secretes enzymes into the small intestine?
Explanation
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine, aiding in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Question 13
What is the primary purpose of gastric juice?
Explanation
Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid (HCl) which creates an acidic environment necessary for pepsin activity and digestion.
Question 14
Which of the following hormones is primarily involved in regulating hunger?
Explanation
Ghrelin is known as the hunger hormone; it stimulates appetite and food intake.
Question 15
What is the primary role of the gastrocolic reflex?
Explanation
The gastrocolic reflex triggers increased motility in the colon following the consumption of food, promoting bowel movements.
Question 16
Which compound is produced as a result of the breakdown of fats in the GIT?
Explanation
Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol as part of the digestive process.
Question 17
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
Explanation
The pyloric sphincter controls the flow of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach to the small intestine.
Question 18
Which secretions help emulsify fats in the small intestine?
Explanation
Bile contains bile salts, which emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for digestive enzymes to act.
Question 19
Which part of the GIT is responsible for the final breakdown of nutrients and absorption?
Explanation
The small intestine is the site of final nutrient breakdown and absorption, utilizing enzymes and absorption mechanisms.
Question 20
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
Explanation
Salivary amylase begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth before food enters the stomach.