ANATOMY
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Time limit: 5 minutes
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Question 1
Multiple choiceA researcher proposes a new surgical technique to access the thoracic cavity. Which anatomical consideration should be critically evaluated to avoid damage during the procedure?
Explanation
The aortic arch's proximity to the thoracic cavity makes it a critical structure at risk during surgical access that must be carefully evaluated.
Question 2
Multiple choiceWhat is the anatomical term for the front of the body?
Explanation
The term 'ventral' refers to the front side of the body, whereas 'dorsal' refers to the back, 'medial' refers to the middle or center, and 'lateral' pertains to the sides.
Question 3
Multiple choiceIn a case of severe abdominal trauma, a physician must ascertain the organs that might be affected. Given their anatomical locations, which organ is least likely to be injured?
Explanation
The pancreas is located more posteriorly compared to the spleen, liver, and kidneys, making it less likely to sustain direct trauma in anterior abdominal injuries.
Question 4
Multiple choiceA patient presents with symptoms of chronic pain in the lower back and altered sensation in the lower limbs. Considering the anatomy of the lumbar region, which structure is most likely compromised?
Explanation
The alterations in sensation and chronic pain suggest potential compression or involvement of the spinal nerve roots in the lumbar region.
Question 5
Multiple choiceWhich anatomical plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections?
Explanation
The coronal plane, also known as the frontal plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior sections, while the sagittal and transverse planes divide it differently.
Question 6
Multiple choiceAn athlete suffers a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during a game. Based on the anatomical function of the ligaments, which assessment should be prioritized to evaluate knee stability?
Explanation
The Lachman test is specifically designed to assess the integrity and stability of the ACL in the knee.
Question 7
Multiple choiceIn a hypothetical scenario where a new anatomical variant is identified in the human body, how would you approach evaluating its functional implications?
Explanation
Conducting comparative studies allows for the assessment of potential functional implications arising from the newly identified anatomical variant.
Question 8
Multiple choiceWhich of the following muscles is primarily involved in the abduction of the arm?
Explanation
The deltoid muscle is primarily responsible for the abduction of the arm, particularly when the arm is raised to the side.
Question 9
Multiple choiceWhat is the primary function of the epiglottis?
Explanation
The epiglottis functions primarily to block food and liquid from entering the trachea (windpipe) during swallowing, directing it toward the esophagus instead.
Question 10
Multiple choiceWhich of the following structures is primarily responsible for the protection of the brain?
Explanation
The skull serves as the primary bony protection for the brain, while the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid also provide protective layers and cushioning.