Introduction to Research
UNIT TWO: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROBLEM Research problem, Research variables, features of research problem, Sources of research problems, Steps to follow when formulating a research problem, Research hypothesis, Formulating of hypothesis, Characteristics of a good hypothesis, Null versus Alternate hypothesis, Directional versus Non directional hypothesis. UNIT THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW Week 3:...
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Question 1
What is the first step in formulating a research problem?
Explanation
The first step in formulating a research problem is to identify a specific problem or question that needs investigation.
Question 2
What is the purpose of a literature review?
Explanation
The purpose of a literature review is to provide an overview and analysis of existing research on a specific topic.
Question 3
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
Explanation
A good hypothesis is specific and testable, allowing for empirical investigation.
Question 4
What types of sampling are included in non-probability sampling?
Explanation
Non-probability sampling includes methods such as convenience sampling and purposive sampling, which do not require random selection.
Question 5
What is the importance of a research proposal?
Explanation
A research proposal is important as it outlines the research goals, methodology, and significance of the proposed study.
Question 6
A researcher is planning to investigate the impact of social media usage on student academic performance. They are in the initial stages of formulating their research problem. Which approach should they take to ensure they define a clear research problem that guides their study effectively?
Explanation
The correct approach is to conduct a preliminary literature review to identify gaps and refine the specifics of the research problem, as this allows the researcher to clarify what has already been studied and where their investigation fits within the existing body of knowledge. The other options are less suitable because they either lack focus or prematurely jump to data collection without establishing a solid problem statement.
Question 7
During a literature review for their research proposal on educational interventions, a graduate student encounters a study that demonstrates a positive correlation between interactive teaching methods and student engagement. They plan to include this finding in their proposal. As they critically evaluate this source, which of the following criteria should they consider most important in determining whether to include this study in their literature review?
Explanation
Evaluating the study's methodology is critical, making the sample size and random selection important indicators of reliability and applicability. The other options reflect common misconceptions about credibility, particularly considering author background and the clarity of methods rather than their robustness.
Question 8
[Case Scenario] Dr. Smith is preparing to conduct a study on the effects of different teaching methods on student performance in mathematics. He starts by identifying a clear research problem which centers on understanding how teaching methods impact student outcomes. To propose a hypothesis, he considers various forms such as null and alternate hypotheses. He ultimately decides to formulate a non-directional hypothesis stating, "There is a difference in student performance based on teaching methods." Question: Which of the following statements best evaluates Dr. Smith's choice of hypothesis?
Explanation
Dr. Smith's non-directional hypothesis allows for a comprehensive examination of student performance influenced by teaching methods without biasing the study towards a specific outcome, making it a suitable choice for exploratory research.
Question 9
[Case Scenario] A graduate student, Emily, is assigned to conduct a literature review for her thesis on the impact of technology in modern classrooms. She gathers a collection of studies but struggles with how to organize her review. She outlines the introduction, followed by sections categorized by themes found in the literature, and concludes with a summary and implications for future research. Question: Based on the scenario, which of the following best evaluates Emily's approach to her literature review?
Explanation
Emily's use of a thematic structure strengthens her literature review, allowing her to clearly communicate findings and implications regarding the impact of technology in classrooms.
Question 10
[Case Scenario] Dr. Jones, a researcher, conducts a correlational study to investigate the relationship between school attendance and academic performance among high school students. He collects data from multiple schools, ensuring a representative sample, and uses statistical methods to analyze the correlation. After his analysis, he finds a positive correlation, indicating that higher attendance is associated with better performance. Question: Considering Dr. Jones's findings, what can be concluded from his research methodology and results?
Explanation
Dr. Jones's use of correlational design allows him to examine relationships, providing insight into the association between attendance and performance, but it necessitates further research to confirm any causal links.