GEMP - Mediators of Inflammation
Introduction Inflammation is a crucial biological response to injury and infection, characterized by a complex network of cellular events and signaling molecules. Understanding mediators of inflammation is vital for medical practitioners, as these components play significant roles in both normal healing processes and pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation...
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Time limit: 7 minutes
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Question 1
Which type of cytokine is responsible for promoting inflammation?
Explanation
TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that encourages inflammation and is key in the inflammatory response.
Question 2
What role do cytokines play in the inflammatory response?
Explanation
Cytokines facilitate cell signaling among immune cells, coordinating the inflammatory response.
Question 3
What is the primary function of chemokines in the inflammatory process?
Explanation
Chemokines specifically guide immune cells to sites of inflammation, which is vital for the inflammatory response.
Question 4
Which lipid mediator is known to induce pain and fever?
Explanation
Prostaglandins are lipid mediators that induce pain and fever as part of the inflammatory response.
Question 5
Macrophages are significant in the inflammatory response because they:
Explanation
Macrophages are major producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are crucial for inflammatory responses.
Question 6
In the context of chronic inflammation, which mediator is crucial for tissue repair and resolution?
Explanation
Anti-inflammatory cytokines are essential for resolution and repair during chronic inflammation.
Question 7
What misconception about inflammation is commonly held in medical contexts?
Explanation
The misconception that all inflammation is harmful ignores its protective and healing roles in the body.
Question 8
Histamine, released from mast cells, primarily functions to:
Explanation
Histamine enhances vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction, contributing to inflammatory responses.
Question 9
What condition is characterized by the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to joint damage?
Explanation
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder marked by excess pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to joint inflammation and damage.
Question 10
The ‘cytokine storm’ associated with sepsis is primarily caused by the overwhelming release of which cytokines?
Explanation
The cytokine storm during sepsis is due to the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-6 and TNF-α.
Question 11
What is the role of endothelial cells in the inflammatory process?
Explanation
Endothelial cells secrete adhesion molecules and other factors that play a crucial role in vascular responses during inflammation.
Question 12
Which of the following accurately describes lipid mediators?
Explanation
Lipid mediators are derived from membrane phospholipids and play a pivotal role in both the modulation and resolution of inflammation.
Question 13
What is the primary challenge in treating chronic inflammation with anti-inflammatory drugs?
Explanation
Anti-inflammatory drugs can suppress symptoms but often do not target the underlying causes of chronic inflammatory conditions.
Question 14
Which of the following mediators is primarily responsible for guiding immune cells to sites of inflammation?
Explanation
Chemokines are a subclass of cytokines specifically responsible for chemotaxis, which is the process of guiding immune cells to sites of inflammation, thereby playing a critical role in the inflammatory response.