GEMP - Cell Cycle and mitosis 🔥

Cell Cycle and Mitosis Introduction The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell undergoes to grow and divide, resulting in two daughter cells. Understanding the intricacies of the cell cycle and the process of mitosis is essential for medical professionals, as it underpins fundamental concepts in growth, tissue repair, and cancer biology. Key Concepts 1. The Phases of the Cell Cycle T...

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Practice

Subject

Biochemistry

Level

Level 300

Questions

9 questions

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Premio Quest

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Time limit: 4 minutes
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Question 1 of 9

Question 1

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

In a study on cancer therapies, researchers are evaluating a drug that inhibits a specific type of cyclin. How might this impact the cell cycle and ultimately affect cancer cell proliferation?

It would only affect the G1 phase, preventing protein synthesis.

It would prematurely advance cells to apoptosis without affecting cell cycle regulation.

It would stabilize the cytoskeleton, enhancing mitosis contrary to its purpose.

It would lead to cell cycle arrest, reducing the rate of cell division in tumor cells.

Correct

Explanation

Inhibiting cyclins disrupts the activation of CDKs, leading to cell cycle arrest and a decrease in cancer cell proliferation.

Question 2

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

A scientist observes a high rate of apoptosis in a population of cells post-treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent. Which phase of the cell cycle is most likely linked to this assessment?

Prophase, as it is the beginning of mitosis.

Metaphase, since chromosomes are aligned.

Anaphase, known for chromatid separation.

G1 phase, as cells are preparing for eventual division.

Correct

Explanation

Apoptosis often triggers if cells fail checkpoint regulations in G1 phase, particularly after treatment that disrupts normal cell division.

Question 3

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

An experimental analysis reveals mutations in genes responsible for checkpoint proteins. What potential outcome could this lead to for the affected cells?

Enhanced DNA repair capacity leading to lower cancer risk.

Increased sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs.

Diminished ability to recognize and repair DNA damage.

Correct

Improved synchronization in the various phases of the cell cycle.

Explanation

Mutations in checkpoint proteins can impair the cell's ability to monitor DNA integrity, enhancing the risk of cancer through accumulation of errors.

Question 4

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

In regards to the use of Taxol in cancer therapy, what is the primary mechanism by which this drug acts to inhibit cancer cell proliferation?

Stimulating cyclin production to enhance cell cycle progression.

Disrupting the synthesis of nucleotides required for DNA replication.

Preventing mitotic spindle formation, thus arresting mitosis.

Correct

Inducing excessive spindle fiber activity to encourage mitosis.

Explanation

Taxol stabilizes microtubules, preventing the formation of functional spindles, thereby halting cells in mitosis.

Question 5

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

If a cell fails the G1 checkpoint, which outcome can be logically anticipated based on the concepts of cell cycle regulation?

The cell will enter S phase regardless of damage.

The cell may undergo apoptosis to prevent further mutation.

Correct

The cell will immediately repair its DNA and re-enter the cycle.

Spindle assembly begins prematurely without regulation.

Explanation

Failure at the G1 checkpoint typically leads to apoptosis, which is a safeguard against potential malignancies.

Question 6

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

Considering the importance of apoptosis in maintaining tissue homeostasis, how would an imbalance favoring excessive apoptosis affect normal tissue function?

It would enhance tissue repair and regeneration.

It may lead to insufficient cell numbers for proper organ functionality.

Correct

It would promote uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.

It would allow abnormal cells to persist indefinitely.

Explanation

Excessive apoptosis can deplete necessary cell populations, impairing the function and repair of tissues.

Question 7

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

A study reveals that certain cells display a rapid cycling through the cell cycle phases. What potential clinical implication could this have regarding cancer treatment?

Such cells are likely less responsive to therapies targeting cell cycle phases.

Correct

These cells are more likely to undergo apoptosis spontaneously.

The cells are more likely to remain in the G1 phase for extended periods.

Rapid cycling ensures robust DNA repair mechanisms are activated.

Explanation

Rapid cycling may indicate a resistance to cell cycle-targeting therapies, making treatment less effective.

Question 8

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

In a clinical trial evaluating a new regenerative medicine approach using stem cells, what aspect of the cell cycle might researchers manipulate to achieve effective differentiation?

Disrupting the processes of cytokinesis to ensure correct spindle formation.

Modifying the duration of the G2 phase to promote rapid growth.

Altering cell cycle length to optimize the stages for differentiation.

Correct

Increasing the rate of apoptosis to reduce undesired cell types.

Explanation

Optimizing cell cycle length, particularly manipulating specific stages, helps facilitate effective stem cell differentiation.

Question 9

Basic multiple choice Remembering understanding

A researcher is studying a new chemotherapeutic agent aimed at disrupting the mitotic spindle to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Based on the process of mitosis detailed in the notes, which phase is likely to be most directly affected by this treatment, and how might this influence the overall effectiveness of the drug?

Prophase, by preventing chromosome condensation

Metaphase, by stopping chromosomes from aligning at the metaphase plate

Correct

Anaphase, by interfering with the separation of sister chromatids

Telophase, by inhibiting the de-condensation of chromosomes

Explanation

The drug would most directly affect the metaphase phase of mitosis by stopping the chromosomes from aligning at the metaphase plate. This would hinder the cell's ability to proceed through mitosis, thus effectively inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells.