BIO101-Protista
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Time limit: 30 minutes
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Question 1
Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes is a widely accepted hypothesis supported by evidence.
Explanation
This statement is true because the hypothesis of eukaryotic evolution from prokaryotes is supported by the endosymbiosis theory, which explains the origin of eukaryotic cells. The evidence includes similarities between some organelles in eukaryotes and prokaryotic cells.
Question 2
All protists are multicellular organisms.
Explanation
This statement is false because protists can be both unicellular and multicellular. Many protists, such as euglena and diatoms, are unicellular, while some like red algae are multicellular.
Question 3
Sporozoans are primarily free-living and not parasitic.
Explanation
This statement is false because sporozoans are known to be parasites that feed on cells and body fluids, and they reproduce through spores, which require hosts for their lifecycle.
Question 4
Plant-like protists, such as diatoms, contribute significantly to the earth's oxygen supply.
Explanation
This statement is true because plant-like protists are photoautotrophs, and they are responsible for producing around 70% of the Earth's oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.
Question 5
Ciliates, like Paramecium, use cilia for movement and feeding.
Explanation
This statement is true as ciliates are characterized by their tiny hair-like projections called cilia, which they use for movement, gathering food, and sensory functions.
Question 6
Assertion (A): Protists are predominantly unicellular organisms that can be classified into three major groups: animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like. Reason (R): Protists possess a true nucleus, which distinguishes them from prokaryotes that lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Explanation
The assertion correctly identifies the classification of protists and their unicellular nature, while the reason accurately states that the presence of a true nucleus differentiates them from prokaryotes, providing a solid justification for the classification.
Question 7
Assertion (A): Euglenoids are capable of photosynthesis due to the presence of chloroplasts and can switch to heterotrophic feeding under certain conditions. Reason (R): All plant-like protists perform photosynthesis and do not exhibit heterotrophic behavior.
Explanation
The assertion accurately reflects the versatility of euglenoids in nutritional modes, while the reason is incorrect as it falsely generalizes about plant-like protists; therefore, R does not explain A.
Question 8
Assertion (A): The Endosymbiosis Hypothesis suggests that eukaryotes evolved from the ingestion of prokaryotic cells. Reason (R): The presence of multiple organelles in eukaryotic cells supports the idea of symbiotic prokaryotes becoming part of the eukaryotic structure.
Explanation
The assertion is correct regarding the Endosymbiosis Hypothesis, and the reason provides a valid explanation for this assertion by linking the presence of organelles to the hypothesis itself.
Question 9
What domain do eukaryotes belong to?
Explanation
Eukaryotes are organisms that have complex cells with a nucleus, and they are classified under Domain Eukarya.
Question 10
Which group describes organisms that possess both plant and animal features?
Explanation
Protists that exhibit characteristics of both plants and animals belong to a broader classification that includes mixes of these features.
Question 11
What is the primary method of reproduction for most protists?
Explanation
Most protists reproduce asexually primarily through binary fission, which involves the splitting of the parent cell into two daughter cells.
Question 12
Which type of protists are primarily unicellular and have chloroplasts?
Explanation
Euglenoids are unicellular protists that contain chloroplasts, allowing them to perform photosynthesis.
Question 13
What structure do ciliates like Paramecium use for movement?
Explanation
Ciliates, such as Paramecium, use cilia - tiny hair-like structures - for movement and to gather food.
Question 14
A researcher is examining a unicellular organism that exhibits both animal-like and plant-like characteristics, such as possessing chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a flagellar structure for movement. Which category does this organism most likely belong to among the protists?
Explanation
The organism described is likely an euglenoid, which is known for possessing both chloroplasts (for photosynthesis) and flagella (for movement). The other options do not suitably categorize this organism's characteristics. Animal-like protists do not have chloroplasts, plant-like protists lack flagella, and fungus-like protists do not exhibit such features.
Question 15
If a new species of protist was identified showing significant similarities to Paramecium but lacked cilia and had elongated pseudopods instead, which classification of protists would this organism most likely be placed in?
Explanation
The organism with elongated pseudopods would be classified as a sarcodine, as this group is characterized by pseudopods for movement and feeding. Ciliates, such as Paramecium, have cilia; flagellates possess flagella; and sporozoans are differentiated by their parasitic nature and spore-based reproduction.
Question 16
During a laboratory experiment, a student discovers a protist that reproduces through multiple fission and forms spores to transfer from one host to another, causing disease in animals. This organism likely corresponds to which group?
Explanation
The protist is characteristic of sporozoans, which reproduce by forming spores and are typically parasitic, often causing diseases. Ciliates and flagellates have different methods of locomotion and reproduction focused on cilia and flagella, respectively, whereas euglenoids would not reproduce through spores.
Question 17
In a study of protists in different ecological roles, a scientist notes a significant decline in wood-digesting protists in a termite colony. What could be a potential consequence of this decline for the colony?
Explanation
Wood-digesting protists play a crucial role in breaking down cellulose found in wood and contributing to the energy supply of termites. A decline in these protists would hinder this digestion process, leading to decreased energy availability for the termite colony, while the other options are inaccurate outcomes of such a decline.
Question 18
A protist was found to have a contractile vacuole that helps maintain osmotic balance while it absorbs nutrients from its environment. Which protist type does it likely belong to, based on its characteristics?
Explanation
Sarcodines, such as Amoeba, are known to have contractile vacuoles to regulate water balance due to their environment. This characteristic is not commonly attributed to ciliates, dinoflagellates, or flagellates, which have other specialized structures for movement and feeding.
Question 19
Protists are among the first group of organisms to live on earth.
Explanation
This statement is true because protists are believed to be some of the earliest eukaryotic organisms that evolved and existed on earth.
Question 20
All protists are multicellular organisms.
Explanation
This statement is false. While some protists are multicellular, many, like amoeba and diatoms, are unicellular.
Question 21
Animal-like protists possess some animal features and include groups like sarcodines and ciliates.
Explanation
This statement is true. Animal-like protists, such as sarcodines and ciliates, share characteristics with animals and have specific features that differentiate them.
Question 22
Eukaryotes evolved from viruses through a process known as endosymbiosis.
Explanation
This statement is false. Eukaryotes are believed to have evolved from prokaryotes, not viruses. The endosymbiosis theory explains how certain organelles in eukaryotic cells originated.
Question 23
What type of organism belongs to the Kingdom Protista?
Explanation
Organisms in the Kingdom Protista are classified as eukaryotes, meaning they have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing them from prokaryotes which do not.
Question 24
Which of the following is a characteristic of Sarcodines?
Explanation
Sarcodines, such as amoebas, primarily use pseudopods for movement and feeding, which is a key characteristic of their phylum.
Question 25
What is the main feature that distinguishes plant-like protists from other protists?
Explanation
Plant-like protists can perform photosynthesis, allowing them to convert sunlight into energy, which is a defining characteristic that distinguishes them from heterotrophic protists.
Question 26
What reproductive method do amoebas primarily use?
Explanation
Amoebas primarily reproduce by binary fission, a process where the organism divides into two identical cells.
Question 27
What is a key function of the contractile vacuole in Amoeba?
Explanation
The contractile vacuole in Amoeba is essential for regulating the amount of water within the organism, preventing it from becoming over-hydrated.
Question 28
A researcher is studying the ecological roles of protists in different environments. In a freshwater ecosystem, they observe a unicellular organism exhibiting both autotrophic and heterotrophic characteristics, with the ability to photosynthesize using chloroplasts. This organism also has a flagellum and responds to light. Which type of protist is the researcher most likely observing?
Explanation
The correct answer is Euglena because it is a euglenoid protist that possesses both autotrophic and heterotrophic characteristics, as it can photosynthesize when light is available and become heterotrophic when nutrients are scarce. Amoeba is primarily heterotrophic and does not have chloroplasts. Paramecium is a ciliate with no photosynthetic capability, and while green algae are aquatic and primarily autotrophic, they do not possess flagella or the mixotrophic behavior characteristic of Euglena.
Question 29
Which kingdom includes mostly unicellular organisms with a nucleus?
Explanation
Kingdom Protista includes mostly unicellular organisms that possess a nucleus, distinguishing it from fungi, plants, and animals, which are multicellular or have different cellular structures.
Question 30
What feature do animal-like protists possess?
Explanation
Animal-like protists possess some characteristics related to animals, including having nuclei in their cells, distinguishing them from both plant-like and fungus-like protists which have different features.