End of Module Examination

Quiz Type

Practice

Subject

Pharmacology

Level

Level 200

Questions

20 questions

Created By

Meshack Antwi-adjei

Quick Rules

Time limit: 20 minutes
Multiple attempts are not allowed
All questions must be answered to submit

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Question 1 of 20

Question 1

Multiple choice

What are the primary drug targets according to pharmacodynamics?

Enzymes, Transporters, Biological membranes, Hormones

Antibodies, Transporters, Signal molecules, Toxins

Enzymes, Ion channels, Receptors, Carrier molecules

Correct

Hormones, Enzymes, Cytokines, Transporters

Explanation

The primary drug targets are Enzymes, Ion channels, Receptors, and Carrier molecules as mentioned in the content.

Question 2

Multiple choice

Which type of receptor is classified as a G-protein-coupled receptor?

Channel-linked receptors

Nuclear receptors

Kinase-linked receptors

G-protein-coupled receptors

Correct

Explanation

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a distinct family of receptors known for their role in signal transduction.

Question 3

Multiple choice

What does the term 'selectivity' refer to in receptors?

The ability of a receptor to bind to multiple ligands equally

The preference of receptors for certain ligands over others

Correct

The total number of receptors present in a cell

The capacity of receptors to respond to any drug

Explanation

Selectivity refers to a receptor's preference for specific ligands, meaning that it binds best to certain molecules.

Question 4

Multiple choice

In the context of pharmacodynamics, what does the term 'efficacy' mean?

The ability of a drug to bind to a receptor

The maximum effect that a drug can produce

Correct

The speed at which a drug acts

The measurement of drug distribution in the body

Explanation

Efficacy refers to the maximum effect that a drug can produce once it interacts with its receptor.

Question 5

Multiple choice

What is an inverse agonist?

A drug that enhances receptor activity

A drug that blocks receptor activity but does not bind

A drug that binds and produces effects opposite to agonists

Correct

A drug that has no effect at the receptor level

Explanation

An inverse agonist binds to a receptor and produces an effect that is opposite to that of an agonist.

Question 6

Multiple choice

What characterizes competitive antagonism?

It cannot be reversed by increasing the dose of agonist

It can be overcome by increasing the concentration of agonist

Correct

It binds irreversibly to the receptor

It only occurs with ion channels

Explanation

Competitive antagonism is characterized by the ability to be overcome by increasing the concentration of the agonist.

Question 7

Multiple choice

Which of the following drugs acts as a non-competitive antagonist?

Propranolol

Local anesthetics

Cimetidine

Phenoxybenzamine

Correct

Explanation

Phenoxybenzamine acts as a non-competitive antagonist, typically used in clinical cases of pheochromocytoma.

Question 8

Multiple choice

Which of the following reflect a higher potency in drug action?

A drug with a high EC50 value

A drug that requires a low concentration to achieve 50% effectiveness

Correct

A drug with a lower therapeutic index

A drug with delayed onset

Explanation

A drug that requires a low concentration to achieve 50% effectiveness is more potent.

Question 9

Multiple choice

What does the term 'K_d' represent in pharmacodynamics?

The concentration of drug needed to achieve maximum effect

The concentration of drug at which 50% of receptors are occupied

Correct

The half-life of a drug in the body

The overall effectiveness of a drug

Explanation

K_d is the free ligand concentration at which 50% of the receptors are occupied.

Question 10

Multiple choice

What happens in the phenomenon of receptor desensitization?

Receptors are removed from the cell surface

Receptors remain present but become unresponsive

Correct

Receptor activity is enhanced

All receptors are permanently damaged

Explanation

In desensitization, receptors are still present but are unresponsive to the ligand, protecting the cell from excessive stimulation.

Question 11

Multiple choice

Which drug is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase?

Saquinavir

Neostigmine

Correct

Omeprazole

Pyrimethamine

Explanation

Neostigmine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, which helps in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Question 12

Multiple choice

Which statement about the therapeutic index is true?

A higher therapeutic index means a drug is more dangerous

The therapeutic index is the ratio of TD50 to ED50

Correct

The therapeutic index is only relevant at high doses

The therapeutic index measures receptor selectivity

Explanation

The therapeutic index is calculated as the ratio of the median lethal dose (TD50) to the median effective dose (ED50), indicating the safety margin of a drug.

Question 13

Multiple choice

Which type of signal transduction pathway is activated by G-protein coupled receptors?

MAP kinase pathway

Correct

Nuclear transcription pathway

Cytokine immunity pathway

Calcium signaling pathway

Explanation

G-protein coupled receptors typically activate pathways such as the MAP kinase pathway, which is crucial for cell signaling.

Question 14

Multiple choice

What occurs during receptor down-regulation?

Receptors are permanently damaged

Receptors are sequestered within the cell

Correct

Receptor number increases on the surface

All ligand binding is halted immediately

Explanation

Down-regulation involves the internalization and sequestering of receptors within the cell, making them unavailable for ligand interaction.

Question 15

Multiple choice

Which type of bond is generally the weakest in drug-receptor interactions?

Covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Correct

Electrostatic bonds

Explanation

Hydrogen bonds are generally considered to be the weakest type of bond in drug-receptor interactions.

Question 16

Multiple choice

Which type of receptor primarily regulates gene transcription?

Membrane-bound receptors

Nuclear receptors

Correct

Ion channel receptors

G-protein-coupled receptors

Explanation

Nuclear receptors specifically regulate gene transcription upon binding with their ligands.

Question 17

Multiple choice

Which of the following describes a full agonist?

An agonist with low efficacy

An agonist that binds but does not activate

An agonist that has maximal efficacy

Correct

An agonist that functions as an antagonist at high doses

Explanation

A full agonist is characterized by its ability to fully activate a receptor leading to maximal biological response.

Question 18

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a primary target for drug action?

Carrier molecules

Correct

Non-receptor proteins

Hormones

Plasma membrane lipids

Explanation

Carrier molecules, also known as transporters, are recognized as one of the primary targets for drug action, along with enzymes, ion channels, and receptors.

Question 19

Multiple choice

Which type of drug receptor exhibits constitutive activity, allowing for inverse agonists to take effect?

Nuclear receptors

G-protein-coupled receptors

Correct

Ion channels

Tyrosine kinase receptors

Explanation

G-protein-coupled receptors are known to exhibit constitutive activity, which means they can be activated even in the absence of a ligand, allowing inverse agonists to decrease their activity.

Question 20

Multiple choice

What characterizes a competitive antagonist in pharmacology?

It can permanently inhibit receptor activity

It reduces the efficacy of the agonist but not its maximum response

Correct

It blocks all receptors including spare receptors

It has higher binding affinity than the agonist

Explanation

A competitive antagonist binds reversibly to the same receptor as the agonist, reducing the efficacy of the agonist but allowing the maximum response to still be achieved if enough agonist is present.